EUROPEAN  
COMMISSION  
Brussels, 8.4.2021  
COM(2021) 156 final  
ANNEX  
ANNEX  
to the  
Proposal for a Council Decision  
on the conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Air Transport Agreement between the  
State of Qatar, of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the  
other part  
EN  
EN  
AGREEMENT ON AIR TRANSPORT  
BETWEEN THE STATE OF QATAR,  
OF THE ONE PART,  
AND THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS MEMBER STATES,  
OF THE OTHER PART  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
ARTICLE 1: Definitions  
TITLE I: ECONOMIC PROVISIONS  
ARTICLE 2: Grant of rights  
ARTICLE 3: Operating authorisation  
ARTICLE 4: Refusal, revocation, suspension and limitation of authorisation  
ARTICLE 5: Liberalisation of ownership and control  
ARTICLE 6: Compliance with laws and regulations  
ARTICLE 7: Fair competition  
ARTICLE 8: Commercial opportunities  
ARTICLE 9: Customs duties  
ARTICLE 10: User charges  
ARTICLE 11: Fares and rates  
ARTICLE 12: Statistics  
TITLE II: REGULATORY COOPERATION  
ARTICLE 13: Aviation safety  
ARTICLE 14: Aviation security  
ARTICLE 15: Air traffic management  
ARTICLE 16: Environment  
ARTICLE 17: Air carrier liability  
ARTICLE 18: Consumer protection  
ARTICLE 19: Computer reservation systems  
ARTICLE 20: Social aspects  
TITLE III: INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS  
ARTICLE 21: Interpretation and implementation  
ARTICLE 22: The Joint Committee  
ARTICLE 23: Dispute resolution and arbitration  
ARTICLE 24: Relationship to other agreements  
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ARTICLE 25: Amendments  
ARTICLE 26: Accession by new Members States of the European Union  
ARTICLE 27: Termination  
ARTICLE 28: Registration of the Agreement  
ARTICLE 29: Entry into force, provisional application and depositary  
ANNEX 1: Transitional provisions  
ANNEX 2: Geographic applicability for fifth freedom traffic rights for all-cargo services  
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THE STATE OF QATAR (hereinafter "Qatar"),  
of the one part;  
and  
THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM,  
THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA,  
THE CZECH REPUBLIC,  
THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK,  
THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY,  
THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA,  
IRELAND,  
THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC,  
THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN,  
THE FRENCH REPUBLIC,  
THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA,  
THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC,  
THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS,  
THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA,  
THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA,  
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THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG,  
HUNGARY,  
MALTA,  
THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS,  
THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA,  
THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND,  
THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC,  
ROMANIA,  
THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA,  
THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC,  
THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND,  
THE KINGDOM OF SWEDEN,  
being parties to the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the  
European Union (hereinafter referred to together as "the EU Treaties") and being Member  
States of the European Union (hereinafter referred to collectively as “EU Member States”, or  
individually as "EU Member State"),  
and the EUROPEAN UNION,  
of the other part;  
Qatar and the EU Member States being parties to the Convention on International Civil  
5
Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on 7 December 1944, together with the  
European Union;  
DESIRING to promote their interests in respect of air transport as a means to contribute to  
closer political and economic relations between the Parties;  
RECOGNISING the importance of efficient air transport connectivity in promoting trade,  
tourism, investment and economic and social development;  
DESIRING to enhance air services and to promote an international aviation system based on  
non-discrimination and fair and equal opportunity for air carriers to compete;  
DESIRING to ensure the highest degree of safety and security in air transport and affirming  
their grave concern with regard to acts or threats against the security of aircraft, which  
jeopardise the safety of persons or property, adversely affect the operation of aircraft and  
undermine the confidence of the travelling public in the safety of civil aviation;  
NOTING the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on  
7 December 1944;  
DETERMINED to maximise the potential benefits of regulatory cooperation;  
ACKNOWLEDGING the important potential benefits that may arise from competitive air  
services and viable air transport industries;  
DESIRING to foster fair competition, recognising that certain subsidies may adversely affect  
competition and may jeopardise the basic objectives of this Agreement and recognising that  
where there is no competitive level playing field for air carriers potential benefits may not be  
realised;  
INTENDING to build upon the framework of existing agreements and arrangements between  
the Parties with the aim of opening access to markets and maximising benefits to passengers,  
shippers, air carriers and airports and their employees, communities and others benefiting  
indirectly;  
AFFIRMING the importance of protecting the environment in developing and implementing  
international aviation policy;  
AFFIRMING the need for urgent actions to address climate change and for continued  
cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation sector, consistent with their  
international obligations on this matter, including instruments of the International Civil  
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Aviation Organization (ICAO);  
AFFIRMING the importance of protecting the interests of consumers and of cooperating to  
achieve a high level of consumer protection;  
RECOGNISING that increased commercial opportunities are not intended to undermine  
labour or labour-related standards of the Parties and reaffirming the importance of  
considering the effects of this Agreement on labour, employment and working conditions,  
and the benefits that arise when the significant economic gains from open and competitive  
markets are combined with high labour standards;  
NOTING the desire to explore ways to facilitate better access to capital by the air transport  
industry for the further development of air transport;  
DESIRING to conclude an agreement on air transport, supplementary to the Convention;  
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:  
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ARTICLE 1  
Definitions  
For the purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise stated, the term:  
1.  
2.  
"Agreement" means this Agreement, any Annexes to it, and any amendments thereto;  
"Air transport" means the carriage by aircraft of passengers, baggage, cargo, and mail,  
separately or in combination, held out to the public for remuneration or hire, including  
scheduled and non-scheduled air services;  
3.  
"Citizenship determination" means a finding that an air carrier proposing to operate  
air services under this Agreement satisfies the requirements of Article 3 of this Agreement  
regarding its ownership, effective control, and principal place of business;  
4.  
"Competent authorities" means the government agencies or entities responsible for the  
administrative functions under this Agreement;  
5.  
"Computerised reservation system" or "CRS", means a computerised system  
containing information about, inter alia, schedules, availability and fares, of more than one  
air carrier, with or without facilities to make reservations or issue tickets, to the extent that  
some or all of these services are made available to subscribers. For the purpose of this  
agreement, the term CRS shall be understood to include “Global Distribution Systems” or  
“GDS”, in so far as these contain air-transport products;  
6.  
"Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for  
signature at Chicago on 7 December 1944, and includes:  
(a) any amendment that has entered into force under Article 94(a) of the Convention and  
has been ratified by both Qatar and the EU Member State or EU Member States as is  
relevant to the issue in question; and  
(b) any Annex or any amendment thereto adopted under Article 90 of the Convention,  
insofar as such Annex or amendment is at any given time effective for both Qatar and  
the EU Member State or EU Member States as is relevant to the issue in question;  
7.  
8.  
"Discrimination" means differentiation of any kind without objective justification;  
"Fares" means the prices to be paid to air carriers or their agents or other ticket sellers  
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for the carriage of passengers on air services (including any other mode of transport in  
connection therewith) and the conditions under which those prices apply, including  
remuneration and conditions offered to agency and other auxiliary services;  
9.  
"Fitness determination" means a finding that an air carrier proposing to operate air  
services under this Agreement has satisfactory financial capability and adequate managerial  
expertise to operate such services and is disposed to comply with the laws, regulations, and  
requirements that govern the operation of such services;  
10.  
"Full cost" means the cost of service provided plus a reasonable charge for  
administrative overhead;  
11.  
"International air transport" means air transport that passes through the airspace over  
the territory of more than one State;  
12.  
"Parties" means, on the one hand, Qatar, and, on the other hand, the European Union  
and its Member States;  
13.  
"Principal place of business" means the head office or registered office of an air  
carrier in the territory of a Party within which the principal financial functions and  
operational control, including continued airworthiness management, of the air carrier are  
exercised;  
14.  
"Rates" means the prices to be paid for the carriage of cargo on air services (including  
any other mode of transport in connection therewith) and the conditions under which those  
prices apply, including remuneration and conditions offered to agency and other auxiliary  
services;  
15.  
"Self-handling" means a situation in which an airport user directly provides for  
himself one or more categories of ground handling services and concludes no contract of any  
description with a third party for the provision of such services. For the purpose of this  
definition, among themselves airport users shall not be deemed to be third parties where:  
(a) one holds the majority in the other, or  
(b) a single body has a majority holding in each;  
16.  
"Serious disturbance in the economy of Qatar or an EU Member State" means an  
exceptional, temporary (either short or long term) and significant crisis which affects the  
whole economy of Qatar or an EU Member State rather than a specific region or economic  
sector;  
17.  
"Stop for non-traffic purposes" means a landing for any purpose other than taking on  
board or discharging passengers, baggage, cargo and/or mail in air transport;  
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18.  
"Subsidy" means any financial contribution granted by the government or any other  
public body at any level, including:  
i. the direct transfer of funds and the potential direct transfer of funds or liabilities;  
ii. the foregoing or non-collection of revenue that is otherwise due;  
iii. the provision of goods or services other than general infrastructure, or the  
purchase of goods or services; or  
iv.  
the making of payments to a funding mechanism or entrustment or direction to a  
private body to carry out one or more of the functions mentioned under (i), (ii) and  
(iii) which would normally be vested in the government or other public body and  
the practice in no real sense differs from practices normally followed by  
governments,  
which are limited, de jure or de facto, to certain air carriers and confer a benefit to an air  
carrier or carriers. No benefit is deemed to be conferred by a financial intervention carried out  
by a government or other public body if a private market operator driven by commercial  
considerations, would have carried out the same financial intervention;  
19.  
For the State of Qatar, "Territory" has the meaning assigned to it in Article 2 of the  
Convention. For the European Union and its Member States, “Territory” means the land  
territory, internal waters and territorial sea of the Member States to which the Treaty on  
European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union apply and under  
the conditions laid down in those Treaties, and the air space above them.  
20.  
"User charge" means a charge imposed on air carriers for the provision of airport,  
airport environmental, air navigation, or aviation security facilities or services including  
related services and facilities;  
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TITLE I  
ECONOMIC PROVISIONS  
ARTICLE 2  
Grant of rights  
Route schedule  
1.  
Each Party shall permit the air carriers of the other Party to operate on the routes  
specified hereunder:  
(a)  
for air carriers of Qatar:  
Any Points in Qatar Any Intermediate Points Any Points in the European  
Union Any Points Beyond  
(b)  
for air carriers of the European Union:  
Any Points in the European Union Any Intermediate Points Any Points in  
Qatar Any Points Beyond  
For the purpose of the application of the route schedule above:  
"Any Points" shall mean one or more points;  
"Any Points in the European Union" shall mean one or more points within the same EU  
Member State or in different EU Member States, either separately or in combination, in any  
particular order.  
Traffic rights  
2.  
Each Party grants to the other Party the following rights for the conduct of  
international air transport by the air carriers of the other Party on a non-discriminatory basis:  
(a) the right to fly across its territory without landing;  
(b) the right to make stops in its territory for non-traffic purposes;  
(c) the right to perform scheduled and non-scheduled international air transport for  
passenger, combination and all-cargo services:  
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(i)  
for air carriers of Qatar the right to provide international air transport between  
any points in Qatar and any points in the European Union with  
(A) third and fourth freedom traffic rights without limitation on routes,  
capacity and/or frequencies; and  
(B) fifth freedom traffic rights for all-cargo services between the European  
Union and beyond points listed in Annex 2, section 1, provided the exercise of  
fifth freedom traffic rights does not exceed seven (7) weekly frequencies per  
EU Member State;  
(ii)  
for air carriers of the European Union the right to provide international air  
transport between any points in the European Union and any points in Qatar with  
(A) third and fourth freedom traffic rights without limitation on routes,  
capacity and/or frequencies; and  
(B) fifth freedom traffic rights for all-cargo services between Qatar and  
beyond points listed in Annex 2, section 2, provided the exercise of fifth  
freedom traffic rights does not exceed seven (7) weekly frequencies per EU  
Member State.  
The exercise of these traffic rights shall be subject to the transitional provisions contained in  
Annex 1 to this Agreement; and  
For the avoidance of doubt, for those EU Member States that, in their current bilateral air  
services agreements and arrangements with Qatar have seven (7) or less weekly frequencies  
with fifth freedom traffic rights for all-cargo services, the total number of weekly frequencies  
available to carriers of both Parties at the end of the transitional period will be seven (7).  
(d) the rights otherwise specified in this Agreement.  
Operational flexibility  
3.  
Air carriers of each Party may on any or all flights and at their option on the routes  
specified in paragraph 1 above:  
(a) operate flights in either or both directions;  
(b) combine different flight numbers within one aircraft operation;  
(c) serve intermediate and beyond points, and points in the territories of the Parties in  
any combination and in any order according to the provisions of paragraph 2 above;  
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(d) omit stops at any point or points;  
(e) transfer traffic from any of its aircraft to any of its other aircraft at any point (change  
of gauge);  
(f) make stopovers at any points whether within or outside the territory of either Party;  
(g) carry transit traffic through the territory of the other Party;  
(h) combine traffic on the same aircraft regardless of where such traffic originates; and  
(i) serve more than one point, within the same EU Member State, or within Qatar, on the  
same service (co-terminalisation).  
The operational flexibility provided for in points (a) to (i) of this paragraph may be  
exercised without directional or geographic limitation and without loss of any right to carry  
traffic otherwise permissible under this Agreement, provided that:  
(i)  
the services of air carriers of Qatar serve a point in Qatar;  
(ii)  
the services of air carriers of the European Union serve a point in the  
European Union.  
4.  
Each Party shall allow each air carrier of the other Party to determine the frequency  
and capacity of the international air transport it offers based on commercial considerations in  
the marketplace. Consistent with this right, neither Party shall unilaterally limit the volume of  
traffic, frequency or regularity of service, routing, origin and destination of traffic, or the  
aircraft type or types operated by the air carriers of the other Party, except for customs,  
technical, operational, air traffic management safety, environmental or health protection  
reasons or unless otherwise provided for in this Agreement.  
5.  
Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to confer on the air carriers of:  
(a) Qatar the right to take on board in any EU Member State passengers, baggage, cargo,  
and/or mail carried for remuneration or hire and destined for another point in that  
same EU Member State;  
(b) the European Union the right to take on board in Qatar passengers, baggage, cargo,  
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and/or mail carried for remuneration or hire and destined for another point in Qatar.  
ARTICLE 3  
Operating authorisation  
1.  
On receipt of an application for an operating authorisation from an air carrier of a  
Party, the competent authorities of the other Party shall grant the appropriate operating  
authorisations and technical permissions with minimum procedural delay, provided that:  
(a) for an air carrier of Qatar:  
(i)  
the air carrier has its principal place of business in Qatar, and holds a valid  
operating licence in accordance with the law of Qatar;  
(ii)  
effective regulatory control of the air carrier is exercised and maintained by  
Qatar; and  
(iii) the air carrier is owned, directly or through majority ownership, and it is  
effectively controlled by Qatar, and/or its nationals;  
(b) for an air carrier of the European Union:  
(i)  
the air carrier is established in the territory of the European Union under the  
EU Treaties and holds a valid operating licence in accordance with European Union  
law;  
(ii)  
effective regulatory control of the air carrier is exercised and maintained by  
the EU Member State responsible for issuing its air operator certificate and the  
competent authority is clearly identified; and  
(iii) the air carrier is owned, directly or through majority ownership, and it is  
effectively controlled by a Member State or Member States of the European Union or  
the European Free Trade Association and/or by nationals of such States;  
(c) the provisions set out in Articles 13 and 14 of this Agreement are being complied  
with; and  
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(d) the air carrier meets the conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations  
normally applied to the operation of international air transport by the Party  
considering the application.  
2.  
When granting operating authorisations and technical permissions, each Party shall  
treat all carriers of the other Party in a non-discriminatory manner.  
3.  
On receipt of an application for an operating authorisation from an air carrier of a Party,  
the other Party shall recognise any fitness and/or citizenship determination made by the  
first Party with respect to that air carrier as if such determination had been made by its  
own competent authorities, and shall not enquire further into such matters, except as  
provided in paragraph 2 of Article 4 of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, this  
paragraph does not cover recognition of determinations in relation to safety certificates  
or licences, security arrangements, or insurance coverage.  
ARTICLE 4  
Refusal, revocation, suspension and limitation of authorisation  
1.  
Either Party may refuse, revoke, suspend, impose conditions on or limit the operating  
authorisations or technical permissions or otherwise refuse, suspend, impose conditions on or  
limit the operations of an air carrier of the other Party where:  
(a) for an air carrier of Qatar:  
(i)  
the air carrier does not have its principal place of business in Qatar or does not  
hold a valid operating licence in accordance with the law of Qatar;  
(ii)  
effective regulatory control of the air carrier is not exercised or not maintained  
by Qatar; or  
(iii) the air carrier is not owned, directly or through majority ownership, or it is not  
effectively controlled by Qatar, and/or nationals of Qatar;  
(b) for an air carrier of the European Union:  
(i)  
the air carrier is not established in the territory of the European Union under  
the EU Treaties or does not have a valid operating licence in accordance with  
European Union law;  
15  
(ii)  
effective regulatory control of the air carrier is not exercised or not maintained  
by the EU Member State responsible for issuing its air operator certificate or the  
competent authority is not clearly identified; or  
(iii) the air carrier is not owned, directly or through majority ownership, or it is not  
effectively controlled by a Member State or Member States of the European Union or  
the European Free Trade Association and/or by nationals of such States;  
(c) the air carrier has failed to comply with the laws and regulations referred to in Article  
6 of this Agreement and/or with the laws and regulations normally applied to the  
operation of international air transport by the Party considering the application.  
2.  
Where a Party has reasonable grounds to believe that an air carrier of the other Party  
is in any of the situations laid down in paragraph 1 that Party may request consultations with  
the other Party.  
3.  
Such consultations shall start as soon as possible, and not later than thirty (30) days of  
receipt of such a request. Failure to reach a satisfactory agreement within thirty (30) days or  
an agreed time period from the starting date of such consultations, or failure to take the  
agreed corrective action, shall constitute grounds for the Party that requested the  
consultations to take action to refuse, revoke, suspend, impose conditions on or limit the  
operating authorisation or technical permissions of an air carrier of the other Party to ensure  
compliance with the provisions of this Article.  
4.  
Notwithstanding paragraph 3, with respect to paragraph 1 (c), a Party may take  
immediate or urgent action when required by an emergency, or to prevent further non-  
compliance. For the avoidance of doubt, further non-compliance requires that the question of  
non-compliance has already been raised between the competent authorities of the Parties.  
ARTICLE 5  
Liberalisation of ownership and control  
The Parties recognise the potential benefits of the progressive liberalisation of ownership and  
control of their respective air carriers. The Parties agree to explore in the Joint Committee, at  
an opportune juncture, the reciprocal liberalisation of ownership and control of air carriers.  
As a result of this examination, the Joint Committee may recommend amendments to this  
Agreement in accordance with Article 25 of this Agreement.  
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ARTICLE 6  
Compliance with laws and regulations  
1.  
While entering, within, or leaving the territory of one Party, the laws and regulations  
relating to the admission to, operating within, or departure from its territory of aircraft  
engaged in international air transport shall be complied with by the air carriers of the other  
Party.  
2.  
While entering, within, or leaving the territory of one Party, its laws and regulations  
relating to the admission to, operating within, or departure from its territory of passengers,  
crew, baggage, cargo and/or mail on aircraft (including regulations relating to entry,  
clearance, immigration, passports, customs and quarantine, or in the case of mail, postal  
regulations) shall be complied with by, or on behalf of, such passengers, crew, baggage,  
cargo and/or mail of the air carriers of the other Party.  
3.  
The Parties shall permit, in their respective territory, the air carriers of the other Party  
to take measures to ensure that only persons with the travel documents required for entry into  
or transit through the territory of the other Party are carried.  
ARTICLE 7  
Fair competition  
1.  
The Parties agree that their air carriers shall enjoy fair and equal opportunities to  
compete in the provision of air transport services.  
2.  
The Parties shall:  
(a) prohibit, and where they exist, eliminate, within their respective jurisdictions and  
using their respective internal procedures and processes, any forms of discrimination  
or unfair practices which would adversely affect the fair and equal opportunity of the  
air carriers of the other Party to compete in providing air transport services;  
(b) not grant or permit subsidies to any air carriers if these subsidies adversely affect the  
fair and equal opportunity of the air carriers of the other Party to compete in  
providing air transport services.  
3. Notwithstanding subparagraph (b) of paragraph 2, the following may be granted:  
17  
(a) support to insolvent or ailing air carriers, provided that:  
(i)  
this support is conditional on a credible restructuring plan based on realistic  
assumptions with a view to ensuring the return of the insolvent or ailing air carrier  
within a reasonable time to long-term viability; and  
(ii)  
the air carrier concerned, its investors or shareholders significantly contribute  
themselves to the costs of restructuring;  
(b) temporary liquidity support to an ailing air carrier in the form of loans or loan  
guarantees limited to the amount needed merely to keep the air carrier concerned in  
business for the time necessary to work out a restructuring or liquidation plan;  
(c) provided that they are limited to the minimum amounts needed to achieve their  
objective and that the effects on the provision of air transport services are kept to a  
minimum:  
(i)  
subsidies to make good the damage caused by natural disasters;  
(ii)  
in the case of Qatar, subsidies to remedy a serious disturbance in its economy;  
and, in the case of the EU and its Member States, subsidies to remedy a serious  
disturbance in the economy of one or more EU Member States;  
(d) subsidies to air carriers entrusted with the operation of clearly defined public service  
obligations necessary to meet essential transport needs of the population which  
cannot be satisfied by market forces alone, provided that these subsidies are limited  
to a reasonable remuneration for the provision of the air services concerned.  
4.  
The Parties shall ensure that each of its air carriers providing air transport services  
under this Agreement publicly issues, on at least an annual basis, a financial report and  
accompanying financial statement that is externally audited in compliance with  
internationally recognised accounting and corporate financial disclosure standards, such as  
the International Financial Reporting Standards; and that, in case a Party provides a subsidy,  
this subsidy is separately identified in the financial report.  
5.  
Each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, provide the other Party within 30  
days, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, financial reports and any other information as  
may be reasonably available, including on the matters covered under paragraph 4, as may be  
reasonably requested by the other Party to verify that the provisions of this Article are being  
complied with. The submission of such information, when commercially sensitive, shall be  
subject to confidential treatment by the requesting Party.  
6.  
Each Party, using their respective internal procedures and processes, shall implement  
and apply measures that effectively prohibit and prevent their air carriers from:  
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(a) engaging in concerted practices resulting from an express or implicit agreement or  
decision between competitors, which have as their objective or effect the prevention,  
lessening or distortion of competition. This prohibition may be declared inapplicable  
where such agreements, decisions or practices contribute to improving the production  
or distribution of services or to promoting technical or economic progress, while  
allowing consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit, and do not: (i) impose on the  
companies concerned, restrictions which are not indispensable to the attainment of  
these objectives; (ii) afford such companies the possibility of eliminating competition  
in respect of a substantial part of the services in question,  
(b) abusing a dominant position in a way which may affect air transport services to/from  
that Party, and  
(c) concentrations between air carriers which significantly impede effective competition,  
in particular as a result of the creation or strengthening of a dominant position.  
7.  
If a Party (hereinafter referred to as "the acting Party") considers that its carriers' fair  
and equal opportunities to compete are adversely affected by:  
(a) discrimination or unfair practices prohibited under subparagraph (a) of paragraph 2;  
(b) a subsidy prohibited under subparagraph (b) of paragraph 2, other than those listed in  
paragraph 3;  
(c) non-compliance with the transparency obligations laid down in paragraphs 4, and 5;  
or  
(d) failure of the other Party to comply with the obligations laid down in paragraph 6;  
it may proceed in accordance with paragraphs 8 to 10.  
8.  
The acting Party shall submit a written request for consultations to the other Party,  
accompanied by a written report with its observations and material evidence. Consultations  
shall start within a period of thirty (30) days of the receipt of the request, unless otherwise  
agreed by the Parties. Consultations may be requested through the Joint Committee.  
9.  
If the acting Party and the other Party fail to reach agreement on the matter within  
sixty (60) days from the commencement of the consultations, or a different period agreed by  
the Parties or by the Joint Committee, the acting Party may take measures against the air  
carriers which have engaged in the contested conduct or which have benefited from the  
discrimination, unfair practices or subsidies in question. The acting Party shall notify the  
other Party, in writing, of the measures to be taken at least fifteen (15) days before the  
implementation of any such measure.  
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10.  
The measures taken pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall be appropriate,  
proportionate and restricted in their scope and duration to what is strictly necessary, with a  
view to mitigating the injury to the carriers of the acting Party and removing the undue  
advantage gained by the carriers against which they are directed.  
11.  
Any actions and measures taken pursuant to paragraph 9 shall be without prejudice to  
the right of either Party to refer to the dispute settlement procedure laid down in Article 23 of  
this Agreement.  
12.  
Where matters pertaining to this Article are referred to the dispute settlement  
procedure laid down in Article 23 of this Agreement, the timelines stated in paragraphs 10,  
11, and 12 of that Article shall be halved.  
13.  
Nothing in this Agreement shall affect, limit or jeopardise in any way the authority or  
powers of the competition authorities of the Parties or of the courts which review the  
decisions of those authorities. Any action taken pursuant to paragraph 9 of this Article by a  
Party shall be without prejudice to any possible actions and measures taken by the said  
authorities and courts, including those of the acting Party. The decisions of the courts which  
review the actions and measures of those competent authorities shall be excluded from the  
dispute settlement mechanism laid down in Article 23 of this Agreement.  
ARTICLE 8  
Commercial opportunities  
Doing business  
1.  
The Parties agree that obstacles to doing business encountered by commercial  
operators would hamper the benefits to be achieved by this Agreement. The Parties shall  
therefore engage in an effective and reciprocal process of removal of obstacles to doing  
business of commercial operators of both Parties where such obstacles may hamper  
commercial operations, create distortions to competition or affect equal opportunities to  
compete.  
2.  
The Joint Committee pursuant to Article 22 of this Agreement shall develop a  
process of cooperation in relation to doing business and commercial opportunities. In  
accordance with Article 22 of this Agreement a Party may request a meeting of the Joint  
Committee to discuss any question related to the application of this Article.  
Air carrier representatives  
3.  
The air carriers of each Party shall have the right to freely establish offices and  
20  
facilities in the territory of the other Party required for the provision of air transport and for  
the promotion and sale of air transport and related activities including the right to sell and to  
issue any ticket and/or air waybill, both of its own and of any other air carrier.  
4.  
The air carriers of each Party shall be entitled, in accordance with the laws and  
regulations of the other Party relating to entry, residence, and employment, to bring in and  
maintain in the territory of the other Party managerial, sales, technical, operational, and other  
specialist staff who are required to support the provision of air transport. Both Parties shall  
facilitate and expedite the granting of employment authorisations, where required, for  
personnel employed in the offices according to this paragraph, including those performing  
certain temporary duties not exceeding ninety (90) days, subject to the relevant laws and  
regulations in force. The air carriers of each Party may freely choose to work with or without  
a general sales agent of their choice in the territory of the other Party.  
Ground handling  
5. Each air carrier shall have in relation to ground handling in the territory of the other Party:  
(a) the right to perform its own ground handling (self-handling); or  
(b) the right to select among competing suppliers, including other air carriers, that  
provide ground handling services in whole or in part where such suppliers are  
allowed market access on the basis of the laws and regulations of each Party, and  
where such suppliers are present in the market.  
The rights under (a) and (b) of this paragraph shall be subject only to specific constraints of  
available space or capacity arising from the need to maintain safe operation of the airport.  
Where such constraints limit, prevent or preclude self-handling and where there is no  
effective competition between suppliers that provide ground handling services, the relevant  
Party shall ensure that all such services are available on both an equal and an adequate basis  
to all air carriers; prices of such services shall be determined according to relevant, objective,  
transparent and non-discriminatory criteria.  
Allocation of slots at airports  
6.  
Each Party shall ensure that its regulations, guidelines and procedures for allocation  
of slots at the airports in its territory are applied in a transparent, effective, non-  
discriminatory and timely manner.  
Operational plans, programmes and schedules  
21  
7.  
Notification of operational plans, programmes or schedules for air services operated  
under this Agreement may be required by a Party for information purposes only. If a Party  
requires such notification, it shall minimise the administrative burdens of notification  
requirements and procedures on air transport intermediaries and on air carriers of the other  
Party.  
Sales, local expenses and transfer of funds  
8.  
Any air carrier of each Party may engage in the sale of air transport and related  
services in the territory of the other Party directly and/or, at the air carrier's discretion,  
through its sales agents, other intermediaries appointed by the air carrier or through the  
internet or any other available channel. Each air carrier shall have the right to sell such  
transport and related services, and any person shall be free to purchase such transport and  
related services, in the currency of that territory or in freely convertible currencies.  
9.  
The air carriers of each Party shall be permitted to pay for local expenses, including,  
but not limited to, purchases of fuel, in the territory of the other Party in local currency. At  
their discretion, the air carriers of each Party may pay for such expenses in the territory of the  
other Party in freely convertible currencies at the market rate of exchange.  
10.  
Each air carrier shall have the right on demand to convert into freely convertible  
currencies and remit at any time, in any way, from the territory of the other Party to the  
country of its choice, local revenues. Conversion and remittance shall be permitted promptly  
without restrictions or taxation in respect thereof at the market rate of exchange applicable to  
current transactions and remittance on the date the carrier makes the initial application for  
remittance and shall not be subject to any charges except those normally made by banks for  
carrying out such conversion and remittance.  
Cooperative marketing arrangements  
11.  
In operating or holding out services under this Agreement, any air carrier of a Party  
may enter into cooperative marketing arrangements, such as blocked-space or code-sharing  
arrangements, with:  
(a) any air carrier or carriers of the Parties;  
(b) any air carrier or carriers of a third country; and/or  
(c) any surface (land or maritime) transport provider of any country;  
provided that (i) the operating carrier holds the appropriate traffic rights; (ii) the marketing  
22  
carriers hold the appropriate underlying route(s) in the route schedule; and (iii) the  
arrangements meet the regulatory requirements normally applied to such arrangements.  
12.  
In operating or holding out services under this Agreement, any air carrier of a Party  
may enter into cooperative marketing arrangements, such as blocked-space or code-sharing  
arrangements, with a carrier that is operating a domestic sector, provided (i) this is part of an  
international journey and (ii) the arrangements meet the requirements normally applied to  
such arrangements. For the purpose of this paragraph, a domestic sector means, where the  
operating carrier is a carrier of the European Union, a route within the territory of an EU  
Member State; and where the operating carrier is a carrier of Qatar, a route within the  
territory of Qatar.  
13.  
In respect of passenger transport sold involving cooperative marketing arrangements,  
the purchaser shall be informed at the point of sale, or in any case at check-in, or before  
boarding where no check-in is required for a connecting flight, which transport providers will  
operate each sector of the service.  
Intermodal services  
14.  
In relation to the transport of passengers, surface transport providers shall not be  
subject to laws and regulations governing air transport on the sole basis that such surface  
transport is held out by an air carrier under its own name.  
15.  
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, air carriers and indirect  
providers of cargo transport of the Parties shall be permitted, without restriction, to employ in  
connection with international air transport any surface transport for cargo to or from any  
points in the territories of the Parties, or in third countries, including transport to and from all  
airports with customs facilities, and including, where applicable, the right to transport cargo  
in bond under applicable laws and regulations. Such cargo, whether moving by surface or by  
air, shall have access to airport customs processing and facilities. Air carriers may elect to  
perform their own surface transport or to provide it through arrangements with other surface  
transport providers, including surface transport operated by other air carriers and indirect  
providers of cargo air transport. Such inter-modal cargo services may be offered at a single,  
through-price for the air and surface transport combined, provided that shippers are not  
misled as to the facts concerning such transport.  
Franchising / Branding  
16.  
The air carriers of each Party shall be entitled to enter into franchising or branding  
arrangements with companies, including air carriers, of either Party or third countries,  
provided that the air carriers hold the appropriate authority and meet the conditions  
prescribed under the laws and regulations normally applied by the Parties to such  
arrangements, particularly those requiring the disclosure of the identity of the air carrier  
operating the service.  
23  
Leasing  
17.  
The Parties grant each other’s air carriers the right to provide services under this  
Agreement by:  
(a) using aircraft leased without crew from any lessor;  
(b) using aircraft leased with crew from other air carriers of the same Party as the  
lessee’s;  
(c) using aircraft leased with crew from air carriers of a country other than the lessee’s  
Party, provided that the leasing is justified on the basis of exceptional needs, seasonal  
capacity needs or operational difficulties of the lessee and the leasing does not exceed  
the duration which is strictly necessary to fulfil those needs or overcome those  
difficulties.  
The Parties concerned may require leasing arrangements to be approved by their competent  
authorities for the purpose of verifying compliance with the conditions set out in this  
paragraph and with the applicable safety and security requirements. However, where a Party  
requires such approval, it shall endeavour to expedite the approval procedures and minimise  
the administrative burden on the carriers concerned. For the avoidance of doubt, the  
provisions of this paragraph are without prejudice to the laws and regulations of a Party as  
regards the leasing of aircraft by air carriers of that Party.  
ARTICLE 9  
Customs duties  
1.  
On arriving in the territory of one Party, aircraft operated in international air transport  
by the air carriers of the other Party, their regular equipment, fuel, lubricants, consumable  
technical supplies, ground equipment, spare parts (including engines), aircraft stores  
(including but not limited to such items as food, beverages, tobacco and other products  
destined for sale to or use by passengers in limited quantities during flight), and other items  
intended for or used solely in connection with the operation or servicing of aircraft engaged  
in international air transport, shall be exempt, on the basis of reciprocity and provided that  
such equipment and supplies remain on board the aircraft, from all import restrictions,  
property taxes and capital levies, customs duties, excise taxes, inspections fees, Value Added  
Tax (VAT) or other similar indirect taxes, and similar fees and charges that are:  
24  
(a) imposed by the national or local authorities or the European Union, and  
(b) not based on the cost of service provided.  
2.  
There shall also be exempt, on the basis of reciprocity, from the taxes, levies, duties,  
fees and charges referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, with the exception of charges  
based on the cost of service provided:  
(a) aircraft stores introduced into or supplied in the territory of a Party and taken on  
board, within reasonable limits, for use on outbound aircraft of an air carrier of the  
other Party engaged in international air transport, even when these stores are to be  
used on a part of the journey performed over the said territory;  
(b) ground equipment and spare parts (including engines) introduced into the territory of  
a Party for the servicing, maintenance, or repair of aircraft of an air carrier of the  
other Party used in international air transport;  
(c) fuel, lubricants and consumable technical supplies introduced into or supplied in the  
territory of a Party for use in an aircraft of an air carrier of the other Party engaged in  
international air transport, even when these supplies are to be used on a part of the  
journey performed over the said territory;  
(d) printed matter, as provided for by the customs legislation of each Party, introduced  
into or supplied in the territory of one Party and taken on board for use on outbound  
aircraft of an air carrier of the other Party engaged in international air transport, even  
when these stores are to be used on a part of the journey performed over the said  
territory; and  
(e) safety and security equipment for use at airports or cargo terminals.  
3.  
Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent a Party from imposing taxes, levies, duties,  
fees, or charges on fuel supplied in its territory, on a non-discriminatory basis, for use in an  
aircraft of an air carrier that operates between two points in its territory.  
4.  
The regular airborne equipment, as well as the material, supplies and spare parts  
referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article normally retained on board aircraft operated  
by an air carrier of one Party may be unloaded in the territory of the other Party only with the  
approval of the customs authorities of that Party and may be required to be kept under the  
supervision or control of the said authorities, up to such time as they are re-exported or  
otherwise disposed of in accordance with customs regulation.  
25  
5.  
The exemptions provided for by this Article shall also be available where the air  
carriers of one Party have contracted with another air carrier, which similarly enjoys such  
exemptions from the other Party, for the loan or transfer in the territory of the other Party of  
the items specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.  
6.  
Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent either Party from imposing taxes, levies,  
duties, fees or charges on goods sold other than for consumption on board to passengers  
during a sector of an air service between two points within its territory at which embarkation  
or disembarkation is permitted.  
7.  
Baggage and cargo in direct transit across the territory of a Party shall be exempt from  
taxes, customs duties, fees and other similar charges that are not based on the cost of service  
provided.  
8.  
Equipment and supplies referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may be  
required to be kept under the supervision or control of the competent authorities.  
9.  
The provisions of the respective conventions in force between an EU Member State  
and Qatar for the avoidance of double taxation on income and on capital remain unaffected  
by this Agreement.  
ARTICLE 10  
User charges  
1.  
Each Party shall ensure that user charges that may be imposed by its competent  
charging authorities or bodies on the air carriers of the other Party for the use of air  
navigation and air traffic control shall be cost-related and non-discriminatory. In any event,  
any such user charges shall be assessed on the air carriers of the other Party on terms no less  
favourable than the most favourable terms available to any other air carrier.  
2.  
Each Party shall ensure that user charges that may be imposed by its competent  
charging authorities or bodies on the air carriers of the other Party for the use of airport,  
aviation security and related facilities and services, with the exception of charges levied with  
respect to the services described in paragraph 5 of Article 8 of this Agreement, shall not be  
unjustly discriminatory and shall be equitably apportioned among categories of users. These  
charges shall reflect, but shall not exceed, the full cost to the competent charging authorities  
or bodies of providing the appropriate airport and aviation security facilities and services at  
that airport or those airports at which a common charging system applies. These charges may  
include a reasonable return on assets, after depreciation. Facilities and services for which user  
charges are imposed shall be provided on an efficient and economic basis. In any event, these  
charges shall apply to the air carriers of the other Party on terms not less favourable than the  
26  
most favourable terms available to any other air carrier at the time the charges are applied.  
3.  
Each Party shall require the competent charging authorities or bodies in its territory  
and the air carriers using the services and facilities to undertake consultations and to  
exchange such information as may be necessary to permit an accurate assessment of the  
reasonableness of the charges in accordance with the principles set out in paragraphs 1 and 2  
of this Article. The competent charging authorities or bodies shall provide users with  
reasonable notice of any proposal for changes in user charges to enable users to express their  
views and provide comments before any changes are made.  
ARTICLE 11  
Fares and rates  
1.  
The Parties shall permit fares and rates to be freely established by the air carriers of  
the Parties on the basis of free and fair competition.  
2.  
Either Party may require, on a non-discriminatory basis, notification to its competent  
authorities of fares and rates offered for services originating from its territory by air carriers  
of both Parties on a simplified basis and for information purposes only. Such notification by  
the air carriers may be required to be made no earlier than the initial offering of a fare or a  
rate.  
ARTICLE 12  
Statistics  
1.  
The Parties shall cooperate within the framework of the Joint Committee to facilitate  
the exchange of statistical information related to air transport under this Agreement.  
2.  
Upon request, each Party shall provide the other Party with non-confidential and non-  
commercially sensitive available statistics related to air transport under this Agreement, as  
required by the respective laws and regulations of the Parties, on a non-discriminatory basis,  
and as may reasonably be required.  
27  
TITLE II  
REGULATORY COOPERATION  
ARTICLE 13  
Aviation safety  
1.  
The Parties reaffirm the importance of close cooperation in the field of aviation  
safety. In that context, the Parties shall, as appropriate, engage in further cooperation in  
relation to accident investigation, regulatory development, the exchange of safety  
information, the possible participation in each other's oversight activities or conducting joint  
oversight activities and the development of joint projects and initiatives.  
2.  
Certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency and licences issued or  
rendered valid by one Party and still in force shall be recognised as valid by the other Party  
and its aeronautical authorities for the purpose of operating air services, provided that such  
certificates or licences were issued or rendered valid pursuant to, and in conformity with, as a  
minimum, the relevant international standards and recommended practices and procedures for  
air navigation services established under the Convention.  
3.  
Each Party may request consultations at any time concerning the safety standards and  
requirements maintained and administered by the other Party in areas relating to aeronautical  
facilities, flight crew, aircraft and the operation of aircraft. Such consultations shall take place  
within thirty (30) days of the request.  
4.  
If, following such consultations, the requesting Party finds that the other Party does  
not effectively maintain and administer safety standards and requirements in the areas  
referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article that, unless otherwise decided, are at least equal to  
the minimum standards established pursuant to the Convention, the other Party shall be  
notified of such findings.  
The other Party shall submit a corrective action plan within thirty (30) days which will  
include a timeline for implementation. The corrective action plan and the corresponding  
timeline shall be agreed by the Parties before being implemented.  
Failure by the other Party to take appropriate corrective action within a reasonable period of  
time shall constitute grounds for the requesting Party to refuse, revoke, suspend, impose  
conditions on or limit the operating authorisations or technical permissions or to otherwise  
refuse, revoke, suspend, impose conditions on or limit the operations of an air carrier which is  
under the safety oversight of the other Party.  
28  
5.  
Each Party accepts that any aircraft operated by, or on behalf of, an air carrier of a  
Party may, while within the territory of the other Party, be the subject of a ramp inspection by  
the competent authorities of the other Party, to verify the validity of the relevant aircraft  
documents and those of its crew members and the apparent condition of the aircraft and its  
equipment, provided that such examination does not cause an unreasonable delay in the  
operation of the aircraft.  
6.  
If a Party, after carrying out a ramp inspection, finds that an aircraft or the operation  
of an aircraft does not comply with the minimum standards and procedures for air navigation  
services established pursuant to the Convention, that Party shall notify the aircraft operator of  
such lack of compliance while requesting corrective action as deemed appropriate. Whenever  
appropriate, the competent authorities of the other Party that are responsible for the safety  
oversight of the air carrier operating the aircraft may be requested to give their acceptance of  
the corrective action taken by the aircraft operator. Notwithstanding this, each Party will  
allow access to the results of ramp inspections performed on aircraft operators which are  
under the safety oversight of the other Party.  
7.  
Each Party shall have the right to take immediate action including the right to revoke,  
suspend or limit the operating authorisations or technical permissions or to otherwise suspend  
or limit the operations of an air carrier of the other Party, if it concludes that it is necessary in  
view of an immediate threat to aviation safety. The Party taking such measures shall  
promptly inform the other Party, providing reasons for its action.  
8.  
Any action by a Party in accordance with paragraphs 4, 6 or 7 of this Article shall be  
necessary and proportionate to addressing a safety finding and shall be discontinued once the  
basis for the taking of that action ceases to exist.  
ARTICLE 14  
Aviation security  
1.  
The Parties underline their commitment to achieve the highest levels of aviation  
security standards and may, as appropriate, engage in further dialogue and cooperation in this  
field.  
2.  
The Parties reaffirm their obligations to each other to provide for the security of civil  
aviation against acts of unlawful interference, and in particular their obligations under the  
Convention, the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board  
Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of  
Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for  
the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on  
23 September 1971, the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at  
Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 24 February 1988 and  
the Convention on the marking of plastic explosives for purpose of detection signed at  
29  
Montreal on 1 March 1991, insofar as the Parties are parties to these conventions, as well as  
all other conventions and protocols relating to civil aviation security of which the Parties are  
parties.  
3.  
The Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to  
address any threat to the security of civil aviation, including the prevention of acts of  
unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, of  
their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities, and any other threat to the  
security of civil aviation.  
4.  
The Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the international  
aviation security standards and appropriate recommended practices established by the ICAO.  
They shall require that operators of aircraft of their registries, operators of aircraft who have  
their principal place of business or permanent residence in their territory, and the operators of  
airports in their territory, act, at least, in conformity with such aviation security provisions.  
5.  
Each Party shall ensure that effective measures are taken within its territory to protect  
civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference, including, but not limited to, screening of  
passengers and their cabin baggage, screening of hold baggage, screening and security  
controls for persons other than passengers, including crew, and their items carried, screening  
and security controls for cargo, mail, in-flight and airport supplies, and access control to  
airside and security restricted areas. Those measures shall be adjusted to meet increases in the  
threat to the security of civil aviation. Each Party agrees that the security provisions required  
by the other Party relating to the admission to, operating within, or departure from its  
territory of aircraft must be observed.  
6.  
With full regard and mutual respect for each other's sovereignty, a Party may adopt  
security measures for entry into its territory, as well as emergency measures, in order to meet  
a specific security threat, which should be communicated to the other Party without delay.  
Each Party shall give positive consideration to any request from the other Party for  
reasonable special security measures, and the first Party shall take into account the security  
measures already applied by the other Party and any views that the other Party may offer as  
well as the possible adverse effects on air transport between the Parties. Except where not  
reasonably possible in case of emergency, each Party will inform the other Party in advance  
of any special security measures it intends to introduce which could have a significant  
financial or operational impact on the air transport services provided under this Agreement.  
Either Party may request a meeting of the Joint Committee, on an urgent basis if appropriate,  
to discuss such security measures, as provided for in Article 22 of this Agreement.  
7.  
Each Party recognises, however, that nothing in this Article limits the ability of a  
Party to refuse entry into its territory of any flight or flights that it deems to present a threat to  
its security.  
8.  
When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other  
unlawful acts against the safety of aircraft, passengers, crew, airports or air navigation  
30  
facilities occurs, the Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other  
appropriate measures intended to terminate rapidly and safely such incident or threat.  
9.  
Each Party shall take all measures it finds practicable to ensure that an aircraft  
subjected to an act of unlawful seizure or other acts of unlawful interference which is on the  
ground in its territory is detained on the ground unless its departure is necessitated by the  
overriding duty to protect human life. Where practicable, such measures shall be taken on the  
basis of mutual consultations.  
10.  
When a Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other Party has departed from  
the provisions of this Article, that Party may request immediate consultations with the other  
Party. Such consultations shall start within thirty (30) days of receipt of such a request or  
such longer period as may be agreed. Failure to reach a satisfactory agreement within thirty  
(30) days or a longer period as may have been agreed per above shall constitute grounds for  
the Party that requested the consultations to take action to refuse, revoke, suspend, impose  
conditions on or limit the operating authorisation and technical permissions of an air carrier  
of the other Party to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Article. When required by  
an emergency, or to prevent further non-compliance with the provisions of this Article, a  
Party may take immediate interim action.  
11.  
Any action taken in accordance with this Article shall be necessary and proportionate  
to addressing a security threat and shall be discontinued upon compliance by the other Party  
with the provisions of this Article or when such action is no longer necessary.  
ARTICLE 15  
Air traffic management  
1.  
The Parties shall cooperate on regulatory matters concerning air navigation services,  
including their oversight. They shall address any policy issues relating to the performance of  
air traffic management, with a view to optimising overall flight efficiency, reducing costs,  
minimising environmental impact and enhancing the safety and capacity of the systems.  
2.  
The Parties shall encourage their competent authorities and air navigation service  
providers to cooperate on interoperability issues to further integrate both Parties' systems  
where possible, to reduce the environmental impact of aviation, and to share information  
where appropriate.  
3.  
The Parties shall promote cooperation between their air navigation service providers  
in order to exchange flight data and coordinate traffic flows to optimise flight efficiency, with  
a view to improving the use of resources and achieving predictability, punctuality and service  
continuity.  
31  
4.  
The Parties agree to cooperate on modernisation programmes, including development,  
deployment and best practices for economic efficiency, air traffic management and relevant  
aerodrome aspects, and to encourage cross-participation in validation and demonstration  
activities.  
ARTICLE 16  
Environment  
1.  
The Parties support the need to protect the environment by promoting the sustainable  
development of aviation. The Parties intend to work together to identify issues related to the  
impacts of aviation on the environment.  
2.  
The Parties recognise the importance of working together, to consider and minimise  
the effects of aviation on the environment consistent with the objectives of this Agreement.  
3.  
The Parties recognise the importance of addressing climate change and therefore of  
limiting or reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with domestic and  
international air transport. They agree to cooperate on these matters, with a view to develop  
and implement instruments, including implementing rules for the development of the Carbon  
Offset and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and any other aspect of  
particular relevance to address GHG emissions in the aviation sector.  
4.  
The Parties undertake to exchange information and have regular dialogue among  
experts to enhance cooperation on addressing aviation environmental impacts including:  
(a) on research and development of environmentally-friendly aviation technology;  
(b) in air traffic management innovation with a view to reducing the environmental  
impacts of aviation;  
(c) on research and development of sustainable alternative fuels for aviation;  
(d) exchange of views on issues dealing with the environmental effects of aviation and  
mitigation of climate-related emissions of aviation; and  
(e) in noise mitigation and monitoring, with a view to reducing the environmental  
impacts of aviation.  
32  
5.  
The Parties shall also, in compliance with their multilateral environmental rights and  
obligations, enhance cooperation, including financial and technological, in relation to  
measures aimed at addressing greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation.  
6.  
The Parties recognise the need to take appropriate measures to prevent or otherwise  
address the environmental impacts of air transport provided that such measures are fully  
consistent with their rights and obligations under international law.  
ARTICLE 17  
Air carrier liability  
The Parties reaffirm their obligations under the Convention for the Unification of Certain  
Rules for International Carriage by Air, done at Montreal on 28 May 1999 (the Montreal  
Convention).  
ARTICLE 18  
Consumer protection  
The Parties shall cooperate to protect the interests of consumers in air transport. The  
objective of this cooperation shall be to achieve a high level of consumer protection. To this  
end, the Parties shall consult each other in the Joint Committee on matters of consumer  
interest, including their planned measures, with a view to achieving increased regulatory  
convergence and compatibility to the extent possible.  
ARTICLE 19  
Computer reservation systems  
1.  
Computer reservation systems (hereinafter CRS) vendors operating in the territory of  
one Party shall be entitled to bring in, maintain, and make freely available their CRSs to  
travel agencies or travel companies whose principal business is the distribution of travel-  
related products in the territory of the other Party provided the CRS complies with any  
relevant regulatory requirements of the other Party.  
33  
2.  
The Parties shall annul any existing requirement, which could restrict free access by  
one Party's CRSs to the other Party's market or otherwise limit competition. The Parties shall  
refrain from adopting such requirements in the future.  
3.  
Neither Party shall, in its territory, impose or permit to be imposed on the CRS  
vendors of the other Party requirements with respect to CRS displays different from those  
imposed on its own CRS vendors or any other CRS operating on its market. Neither Party  
shall prevent the conclusion of agreements between CRS vendors, their providers and their  
subscribers related to the exchange of travel services information and which are facilitating  
the display of comprehensive and unbiased information to consumers, or the fulfilment of  
regulatory requirements on neutral displays.  
4.  
Owners and operators of CRSs of one Party that comply with the relevant regulatory  
requirements of the other Party, if any, shall have the same opportunity to own CRSs within  
the territory of the other Party as do the owners and operators of any other CRS operating in  
the market of that Party.  
ARTICLE 20  
Social aspects  
1.  
The Parties recognise the importance of considering the effects of this Agreement on  
labour, employment and working conditions. The Parties agree to cooperate on labour matters  
within the scope of this Agreement, inter alia, in relation to impacts on employment,  
fundamental rights at work, working conditions, social protection and social dialogue.  
2.  
The Parties recognise the right of each Party to establish its own level of domestic  
labour protection as it deems appropriate, and to adopt or modify accordingly its relevant  
laws and policies, consistent with its international obligations. The Parties shall ensure that  
the rights and principles contained in their respective laws and regulations are not  
undermined but effectively enforced.  
3.  
Each Party shall continue to improve those laws and policies consistent with its  
international obligations, and shall strive towards providing and encouraging high levels of  
labour protection in the aviation sector. The Parties recognise that the violation of  
fundamental principles and rights at work cannot be invoked or otherwise used as a legitimate  
comparative advantage and that labour standards should not be used for protectionist  
purposes.  
4.  
The Parties reaffirm their commitment, in accordance with their obligations deriving  
from the membership of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the ILO  
34  
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up, adopted by the  
International Labour Conference at its 86th Session in 1998, to respect, promote and  
effectively implement and apply the Fundamental Rights and Principles at Work.  
5.  
The Parties shall promote the objectives included in the ILO Decent Work Agenda  
and the ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization of 2008 adopted by the  
International Labour Conference at its 97th Session.  
6.  
Each Party undertakes to make best endeavours towards ratifying, if it has not yet  
done so, the fundamental ILO conventions. The Parties will also consider the ratification of  
other ILO conventions and consequently the effective implementation of corresponding  
international standards in the labour and social domain of relevance for the civil aviation  
sector, taking into account domestic circumstances.  
7.  
Either Party may request a meeting of the Joint Committee to address labour issues  
that the requesting Party identifies as significant.  
TITLE III  
INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS  
ARTICLE 21  
Interpretation and implementation  
1.  
The rights laid down in this Agreement are granted by the Parties to one another. Any  
reference in this Agreement to rights granted to the air carriers of a Party shall be construed  
only as a reference to rights granted to that Party. Nothing in this Agreement shall be  
construed as intended to confer rights or to impose obligations which can be directly invoked  
by nationals of one Party before the courts or tribunals of the other Party.  
2.  
The Parties shall take all appropriate measures, whether general or particular, to  
ensure fulfilment of the obligations arising out of this Agreement.  
3.  
In exercising their rights under this Agreement, the Parties shall take measures which  
are appropriate and proportionate to the objectives of those measures.  
4.  
The Parties shall refrain from any measures which would jeopardise the attainment of  
the objectives of this Agreement.  
35  
5.  
Each Party shall be responsible, in its own territory, for the proper enforcement of this  
Agreement.  
6.  
Where either Party has concerns about possible infringement of this Agreement, it  
may request information and assistance from the other Party. Upon receipt of such request,  
the other Party shall provide all necessary information and assistance, subject to its applicable  
laws and regulations.  
7.  
This Agreement shall not preclude consultations and discussions between competent  
authorities of the Parties outside the Joint Committee, including in the fields of air transport  
development, security, safety, environment, social policy, air traffic management, aviation  
infrastructure, competition matters and consumer protection. The Parties shall inform the  
Joint Committee of the outcome of such consultations and discussions which may have an  
impact on the interpretation or application of this Agreement.  
8.  
Where reference is made in this Agreement to cooperation between the Parties,  
including but not limited to the fields of commercial opportunities, security, safety,  
environment, air traffic management and consumer protection, the Parties shall endeavour to  
find common ground for joint action to further develop this Agreement and/or improve its  
functioning in the areas concerned, on the basis of mutual consent.  
ARTICLE 22  
The Joint Committee  
1.  
A Joint Committee composed of representatives of the Parties shall be responsible for  
overseeing the administration of this Agreement and ensure its proper implementation.  
2.  
3.  
The Joint Committee shall adopt its rules of procedures.  
The Joint Committee shall meet as and when necessary and at least once a year. Any  
Party may at any time request the convening of a meeting of the Joint Committee. Such a  
meeting shall begin at the earliest possible date, and not later than two (2) months from the  
date of receipt of the request, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties.  
4.  
For the purpose of the proper implementation of this Agreement, the Joint Committee  
shall:  
(a) exchange information, including on changes to laws, regulations, and policies of the  
respective Parties which may affect air services and statistical information related to  
air transport;  
36  
(b) make recommendations and take decisions where expressly provided for in this  
Agreement;  
(c) develop cooperation, including on regulatory matters;  
(d) hold consultations on any questions relating to the application or interpretation of this  
Agreement, as well as, where appropriate, on air transport issues dealt with in  
international organisations, in relations with third countries and in multilateral  
arrangements, including consideration of whether to adopt a joint approach;  
(e) consider potential areas for further development of this Agreement, including the  
recommendation of amendments to this Agreement for accession of third countries to  
this Agreement.  
5.  
Recommendations and decisions of the Joint Committee shall be adopted by  
consensus between the Parties. Decisions taken by the Joint Committee shall be binding on  
the Parties.  
ARTICLE 23  
Dispute resolution and arbitration  
1.  
Without prejudice to Article 4 of this Agreement, any dispute relating to the  
application or interpretation of this Agreement, may be referred by the Parties to the dispute  
settlement mechanism provided for in this Article.  
2.  
Without prejudice to any previous consultations between the Parties under this  
Agreement, where a Party wishes to have recourse to the dispute settlement mechanism  
provided for in this Article, it shall notify the other Party in writing of its intention and  
request a meeting of the Joint Committee for consultations.  
3.  
If the Joint Committee meeting is not held within two (2) months of the receipt of the  
request referred to in the preceding paragraph or by the date agreed by the Parties, or, if the  
dispute is not resolved at the Joint Committee within six (6) months of the said request, the  
dispute may be referred to a person or body for decision by agreement of the Parties. If the  
Parties cannot reach mutual agreement to refer the dispute to a person or body for decision,  
the dispute shall, at the request of any of the Parties, be submitted to arbitration.  
4.  
Notwithstanding paragraph 2 of this Article, if a Party has taken action to refuse,  
revoke, suspend, impose conditions on or limit the operating authorisation or technical  
permissions of an air carrier of the other Party, the dispute may be immediately referred to a  
person or body for decision, or submitted to arbitration.  
37  
5.  
The request for arbitration shall be made in writing by a Party (hereinafter referred to  
as “initiating party”) to the other Party (hereinafter referred to as “responding party”). In its  
request, the initiating party shall present the questions to be resolved, describe the measure at  
issue, and explain the reasons why it considers such measure to be inconsistent with the  
provisions of this Agreement.  
6.  
Unless the initiating party and responding party otherwise agree, arbitration shall be  
by a tribunal of three arbitrators to be constituted as follows:  
(a) within sixty (60) days after the receipt of a request for arbitration, the initiating party  
and the responding party shall each appoint one arbitrator. Within thirty (30) days  
after these two arbitrators have been appointed, the initiating party and responding  
party shall by agreement appoint a third arbitrator, who shall act as President of the  
tribunal;  
(b) if the initiating party or the responding party fails to appoint an arbitrator, or if the  
third arbitrator is not appointed in accordance with subparagraph (a) of this  
paragraph, either the initiating party or the responding party may request the  
President of the Council of the ICAO to appoint the necessary arbitrator or arbitrators  
within thirty (30) days of receipt of that request. If the President of the Council of the  
ICAO is a national of either Qatar or an EU Member State, the most senior Vice  
President of that Council, who is not disqualified on that ground, shall be requested to  
make the appointment.  
7.  
The date of establishment of the tribunal shall be the date on which the last of the  
three arbitrators accepts the appointment.  
8.  
The proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Rules of Procedure to be  
adopted by the Joint Committee at the earliest possible occasion subject to the provisions of  
this Article and in accordance with paragraphs 4(b) and 5 of Article 22 of this Agreement.  
Until the Joint Committee has adopted the Rules of Procedure, the tribunal shall establish its  
own procedural rules.  
9.  
At the request of the initiating party, the tribunal may, pending its final ruling,  
authorise the initiating party to adopt interim relief measures or ask the responding party to  
adopt interim relief measures.  
10.  
The tribunal shall issue an interim report to the initiating party and the responding  
party setting out the findings of fact, the applicability of relevant provisions and the basic  
rationale behind any findings and recommendations that it makes, not later than ninety (90)  
days after the date of its establishment. Where it considers that this deadline cannot be met,  
the President of the tribunal shall notify the initiating party and the responding party in  
writing, stating the reasons for the delay and the date on which the tribunal plans to issue its  
interim report. Under no circumstances shall the tribunal issue the interim report later than  
one hundred and twenty (120) days after the date of its establishment.  
11.  
The initiating party or the responding party may submit a written request to the  
38  
tribunal to review specific aspects of the interim report within fourteen (14) days of its  
issuance. After considering any written comments by the initiating party and the responding  
party on the interim report, the tribunal may modify its report and make any further  
examination it considers appropriate. The findings of the tribunal’s final ruling shall include a  
sufficient discussion of the arguments made at the interim review stage, and shall clearly  
answer the questions and observations of the initiating party and the responding party.  
12.  
The tribunal shall issue its final ruling to the initiating party and the responding party  
within one hundred and twenty (120) days from the date of its establishment. Where it  
considers that that deadline cannot be met, the President of the tribunal shall notify the  
initiating party and the responding party in writing, stating the reasons for the delay and the  
date on which the tribunal plans to issue its ruling. Under no circumstances shall the tribunal  
issue its ruling later than one hundred and fifty (150) days after the date of its establishment.  
13.  
If a Party has taken action to refuse, revoke, suspend, impose conditions on or limit  
the operating authorisation or technical permissions of an air carrier of the other Party, or,  
upon request by the initiating party or responding party, if the tribunal rules that the case is  
urgent, the respective timelines stated in paragraphs 10, 11 and 12 of this Article shall be  
halved.  
14.  
The initiating party and the responding party may submit requests for clarification of  
the tribunal’s final ruling within ten (10) days of its issuance and any clarification given shall  
be issued within fifteen (15) days of such request.  
15.  
If the tribunal determines that there has been a violation of this Agreement and the  
responsible Party does not comply with the tribunal’s final ruling, or does not reach  
agreement with the other Party on a mutually satisfactory resolution within sixty (60) days  
after the issuance of the tribunal’s final ruling, the other Party may suspend the application of  
comparable benefits arising under this Agreement until such time as the responsible Party  
complies with the tribunal’s final ruling or the initiating party and responding party have  
reached agreement on a mutually satisfactory resolution.  
16.  
Each Party shall bear the costs of the arbitrator appointed by it. The other costs of the  
tribunal shall be shared equally between the Parties.  
ARTICLE 24  
Relationship to other agreements  
1.  
This Agreement shall suspend earlier agreements and arrangements on the same  
subject matter between the Parties subject to paragraphs 2 and 7 of this Article unless this  
Agreement is terminated.  
2.  
Provisions in an earlier air services agreement or arrangement between an EU  
Member State and Qatar concerning the issues covered under Articles 2, 3, 8, and 11 of this  
39  
Agreement shall continue to apply as a matter of this Agreement where they are more  
favourable and/or flexible for the air carriers concerned. All rights and benefits enjoyed by  
the air carriers of the EU Member State concerned in accordance with those provisions shall  
accrue to all carriers of the European Union.  
3.  
For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, any dispute between the Parties as to  
whether the provisions or treatments under earlier agreements or arrangements between the  
Parties are more favourable and/or flexible shall be settled in the framework of the dispute  
settlement mechanism provided in Article 23 of this Agreement.  
4.  
Any additional traffic rights that might be granted to an EU Member State by Qatar,  
or vice versa, after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, shall be subject to this  
Agreement and shall not discriminate between air carriers of the European Union. These  
arrangements shall be notified to the Joint Committee forthwith.  
5.  
The Joint Committee shall draw up and keep up-to-date an informative list of the  
provisions and arrangements on traffic rights referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this Article.  
6.  
If the Parties become parties to a multilateral agreement or endorse a decision adopted  
by the ICAO in the field of air transport, that addresses matters covered by this Agreement,  
they shall consult in the Joint Committee pursuant to Article 22 of this Agreement to  
determine whether this Agreement should be revised to take into account such developments.  
7.  
Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the validity and application of existing and  
future agreements between the EU Member States and Qatar as regards territories under their  
respective sovereignty which are not encompassed within the definition of “Territory” in  
Article 1 of this Agreement.  
ARTICLE 25  
Amendments  
Any amendment to this Agreement may be agreed by the Parties pursuant to consultations  
held in accordance with Article 22 of this Agreement. Amendments shall come into force in  
accordance with the terms set out in Article 29 of this Agreement.  
ARTICLE 26  
Accession by new Members States of the European Union  
1.  
This Agreement shall be open for accession by States which have become EU  
Member States after the date of signature of the Agreement.  
40  
2.  
In such a case, the accession of that Member State of the European Union to the  
Agreement shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary  
General of the Council of the European Union, which shall notify Qatar of the deposit of the  
instrument of accession and the date thereof. The accession of that Member State of the  
European Union shall take effect as from the 30th day following the date of the deposit of the  
instrument of accession.  
3.  
Paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 7 of Article 24 of this Agreement shall apply mutatis mutandis  
to existing agreements and arrangements which are in place at the time of accession of an EU  
Member State to the Agreement.  
ARTICLE 27  
Termination  
Either Party may, at any time, give notice in writing, through diplomatic channels, to the  
other Party of its decision to terminate this Agreement. Such notice shall be sent  
simultaneously to the ICAO and to the UN Secretariat. This Agreement shall terminate at  
midnight GMT at the end of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) traffic  
season in effect one (1) year following the date of written notice of termination, unless the  
notice is withdrawn by agreement of the Parties before the end of this period.  
ARTICLE 28  
Registration of the Agreement  
This Agreement and any amendments thereto shall be registered with the ICAO, in  
accordance with Article 83 of the Convention, and with the UN Secretariat, in accordance  
with Article 102 of the Charter of the UN.  
ARTICLE 29  
Entry into force, provisional application and depositary  
1.  
This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the second month following  
that in which the Parties have notified each other of the completion of the applicable legal  
41  
procedures necessary for that purpose.  
2.  
For the purposes of paragraph 1, Qatar shall notify the Secretary General of the  
Council of the European Union, and the Secretary General of the Council of the European  
Union shall notify Qatar, through diplomatic channels.  
3.  
Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this Article, the Parties shall provisionally apply this  
Agreement in accordance with their internal procedures and/or domestic legislation, as  
applicable, from the date of signature of this Agreement.  
4.  
The Secretary General of the Council of the European Union shall act as the  
depositary of this Agreement.  
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised, have signed this  
Agreement.  
Done at […] on […] in the year […], in duplicate, in the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish,  
Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian,  
Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish and  
Arabic languages, each text being equally authentic. In the event of any divergence between  
language versions, the Joint Committee shall decide on the language of the text to be used.  
For the State of Qatar  
For the European Union  
For the Kingdom of Belgium,  
For the Republic of Bulgaria,  
For the Czech Republic,  
For the Kingdom of Denmark,  
For the Federal Republic of  
Germany,  
For the Republic of Estonia,  
42  
For Ireland,  
For the Hellenic Republic,  
For the Kingdom of Spain,  
For the French Republic,  
For the Republic of Croatia,  
For the Italian Republic,  
For the Republic of Cyprus,  
For the Republic of Latvia,  
For the Republic of Lithuania,  
For the Grand Duchy of  
Luxembourg,  
For Hungary,  
For Malta,  
For the Kingdom of the  
Netherlands,  
For the Republic of Austria,  
For the Republic of Poland,  
For the Portuguese Republic,  
For Romania,  
43  
For the Republic of Slovenia,  
For the Slovak Republic,  
For the Republic of Finland,  
For the Kingdom of Sweden.  
44  
ANNEX 1  
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS  
1.  
Notwithstanding Article 2, paragraph 2, of this Agreement, the exercise of third and  
fourth freedom traffic rights for passenger, combination and all-cargo services, and of fifth  
freedom traffic rights for all-cargo services on the specified routes shall be subject to the  
transitional provisions of this Annex.  
2.  
Third and fourth freedom traffic rights between points in Qatar and points in Belgium,  
Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands shall be gradually liberalised in accordance with  
paragraphs 4-8 below.  
3.  
The fifth freedom traffic rights for all-cargo services shall be gradually increased in  
accordance with paragraph 9 below to reach the agreed frequency entitlement of seven (7)  
weekly frequencies at the end of the transitional period.  
4.  
For services to/from the EU Member States referred to in paragraph 2, air carriers of  
the Parties shall be entitled, from the date of signature of this Agreement, to exercise third  
and fourth freedom traffic rights according to the weekly frequency entitlements referred to  
as “Baseline” in the tables in paragraphs 7 and 8, and the routes pertaining to them.  
5.  
The frequency entitlements for services to/from the EU Member States referred to in  
paragraph 2 shall be subject to the steps provided for in the tables in paragraphs 7 and 8  
below. “Step 1” shall take effect on the first day of the IATA Winter Season 2020/2021 with  
subsequent steps (“Steps 2-5”) on the respective first day of the IATA Winter Seasons  
2021/2022, 2022/2023, 2023/2024 and 2024/2025.  
6.  
From the first day of the IATA Winter Season 2024/2025 onwards (“Step 5”), the air  
carriers of each Party shall be entitled to exercise the third and fourth freedom traffic rights  
granted in Article 2, paragraph 2 (c) of this Agreement without routes, capacity and/or  
frequency limitations between points in Qatar and points in all EU Member States.  
7.  
For passenger and combination third and fourth freedom services, the air carriers of  
the Parties shall be entitled to operate the following number of weekly frequencies:  
a. Between points in Qatar and points in Belgium and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
Baseline Step 1  
14 19  
Step 2  
24  
Step 3  
29  
Step 4  
34  
Step 5  
Unrestricted  
45  
b. Between points in Qatar and points in France and vice versa  
Routes  
Baseline Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Step 5  
To/from all points  
in Qatar and Paris  
To/from all points  
in Qatar and Nice  
To/from all points  
in Qatar and Lyon  
To/from each of all  
other points  
21  
7
24  
10  
10  
10  
27  
30  
33  
Unrestricted  
14  
14  
14  
17  
17  
17  
21  
21  
21  
Unrestricted  
Unrestricted  
Unrestricted  
7
7
c. Between points in Qatar and points in Germany and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
in Qatar and  
Baseline Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Step 5  
14  
18  
21  
24  
28  
Unrestricted  
Frankfurt  
To/from all points  
in Qatar and  
Munich  
To/from each of all  
other points  
14  
7
18  
11  
21  
14  
24  
17  
28  
21  
Unrestricted  
Unrestricted  
d. Between points in Qatar and points in Italy and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
Baseline Step 1  
81 84  
Step 2  
84  
Step 3  
89  
Step 4  
92  
Step 5  
Unrestricted  
e. Between points in Qatar and points in The Netherlands and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
in Qatar and  
Amsterdam  
To/from each of all  
other points  
Baseline Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Step 5  
10  
7
12  
7
14  
14  
17  
Unrestricted  
14  
17  
21  
Unrestricted  
8.  
For all-cargo third and fourth freedom services, the air carriers of the Parties shall be  
entitled to operate the following number of weekly frequencies:  
46  
a. Between points in Qatar and points in Belgium and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
Baseline Step 1  
35 39  
Step 2  
42  
Step 3  
45  
Step 4  
49  
Step 5  
Unrestricted  
b. Between points in Qatar and points in France and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
Baseline Step 1  
10  
Step 2  
14  
Step 3  
17  
Step 4  
21  
Step 5  
Unrestricted  
7
c. Between points in Qatar and points in Germany and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
Baseline Step 1  
10 14  
Step 2  
14  
Step 3  
17  
Step 4  
21  
Step 5  
Unrestricted  
d. Between points in Qatar and points in Italy and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
Baseline Step 1  
19 21  
Step 2  
21  
Step 3  
24  
Step 4  
28  
Step 5  
Unrestricted  
e. Between points in Qatar and points in The Netherlands and vice versa  
Routes  
To/from all points  
Baseline Step 1  
10 14  
Step 2  
14  
Step 3  
17  
Step 4  
21  
Step 5  
Unrestricted  
9.  
For all-cargo fifth freedom services, the air carriers of the Parties shall be entitled,  
from the date of signature of this Agreement, to operate the rights specified in Article 2,  
paragraph 2 (c) of this Agreement on three (3) weekly frequencies (“Baseline”) between each  
EU Member State and Qatar. This frequency entitlement shall be subject to the steps  
provided for in the table below, to reach a final frequency entitlement of seven (7) weekly  
frequencies in total. “Step 1” shall take effect on the first day of the IATA Winter Season  
2020/2021 with subsequent steps (“Steps 2-4”) on the respective first day of the IATA Winter  
Seasons 2021/2022, 2022/2023 and 2023/2024.  
47  
Baseline  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Step 4  
3
4
5
6
7
10.  
In accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 24 of this Agreement, where fifth freedom  
traffic rights for all-cargo services granted prior to the signature of the Agreement have a  
different geographical coverage to that set out in Article 2, paragraph 2, subparagraph (c) of  
this Agreement, this geographical coverage can continue to be used instead of the  
geographical coverage provided in Article 2, paragraph 2, subparagraph (c) of this Agreement  
for those frequency entitlements granted prior to the signature of this Agreement.  
48  
ANNEX 2  
GEOGRAPHIC APPLICABILITY FOR FIFTH FREEDOM TRAFFIC RIGHTS FOR ALL-  
CARGO SERVICES  
SECTION 1  
The geographical scope for the application of Article 2, paragraph 2(c)(i)(B) of this  
Agreement shall encompass all of the North and South American continents and the islands  
adjacent thereto, Bermuda, some of the islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Hawaiian Islands  
(including Midway and Palmyra). At the time of signature of the Agreement this includes:  
North America  
Canada, United States, Mexico  
Caribbean Islands and Bermuda  
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Cuba,  
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis, Saint  
Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands,  
Virgin Islands (British)  
Central America  
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama  
South America  
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,  
Uruguay, Venezuela  
SECTION 2  
The geographical scope for the application of Article 2, paragraph 2(c)(ii)(B) of this  
Agreement shall encompass all of Asia lying east of and including Iran, and the islands  
adjacent thereto, Australia, New Zealand and the islands adjacent thereto, and some of the  
islands of the Pacific Ocean. At the time of signature of the Agreement this includes:  
South Asia  
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (including Andaman Islands), Maldives, Nepal,  
Pakistan, Sri Lanka  
Central Asia  
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.  
East Asia  
China, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Macau SAR, Taiwan,  
49  
South East Asia  
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar/Burma, Papua New  
Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam.  
Asia Pacific  
American Samoa, Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cook Islands, Fiji,  
Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island,  
Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu Islands.  
50